Fast fourier transform in ofdm: algorithmic approaches and their role in information technologies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17721/ISTS.2025.9.81-92Keywords:
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Information Systems, Bit Error Rate (BER), Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)Abstract
Background. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a key technology in modern information systems and is widely used in mobile networks such as 4G and 5G, the IEEE 802.11 standard (Wi-Fi), and digital television (DVB-T). The increase in the communication channel bandwidth requires an optimal selection of signal transformation parameters for efficient use of the hardware resources of Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) in the implementation of OFDM.
Methods. The following methods were used: modeling of an OFDM-based communication system in the Simulink environment, which allowed for the study of signal processing transformations, as well as the analysis of the bit error rate (BER) for different modulation parameters. The implementation of FFT algorithms was carried out using HDL coding to compare the efficiency of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithms Streaming Radix-2² and Burst Radix-2.
Results. Simulation results showed that using signal resampling at the transmitter improves the channel energy efficiency, reducing the required power level by 12 dB. The relationship between the bit error rate and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) demonstrates that increasing the FFT length from 512 to 2048 points requires a 6 dB increase in the SNR. The analysis of the cyclic prefix (CP) impact showed that the optimal CP length is 1/16 of the OFDM symbol, which reduces transmission speed losses. The effect of modulation on the bit error rate (BER) indicates the need for increased power when transitioning to higher-order Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM).
Conclusions. It was concluded that the parameters of FFT and signal resampling are critical for the efficiency of the OFDM system. The results obtained can be used to optimize the implementation of OFDM on FPGA.
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